Stomach & Oesophagus

A risk factor is any factor that is associated with an increased chance of developing a particular health condition, such as stomach cancer. There are different types of risk factors, some of which can be modified and some which cannot.

It should be noted that having one or more risk factors does not mean a person will develop stomach cancer. Many people have at least one risk factor but will never develop stomach cancer, while others with stomach cancer may have had no known risk factors. Even if a person with stomach cancer has a risk factor, it is usually hard to know how much that risk factor contributed to the development of their disease.

While the causes of stomach cancer are not fully understood, there are a number of factors associated with the risk of developing the disease. These factors include:

• having one of a number of chronic stomach conditions, such as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, chronic gastritis and gastric polyps
• a diet high in salty and smoked foods and low in fruit and vegetables
• increasing age
• tobacco smoking
• a family history of stomach cancer.

A number of tests may be performed to investigate symptoms of stomach cancer and confirm a diagnosis. Some of the more common tests include:

• a physical examination
• examination of a blood sample
• examination of a stool sample
• examination of the inside of the stomach and other parts of the upper digestive system using an endoscope (a thin tube with a light on the end of it)
• imaging of the stomach and nearby organs, which may include an X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• taking a sample of tissue (biopsy) from the stomach wall for examination under a microscope.

Treatment and care of people with cancer is usually provided by a team of health professionals – called a multidisciplinary team.

Treatment for stomach cancer depends on the stage of the disease, the severity of symptoms and the person’s general health. Treatment options can include surgery to remove part or all of the stomach, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy to destroy cancer cells.

Research is ongoing to find new ways to diagnose and treat different types of cancer. Some people may be offered the option of participation in a clinical trial to test new ways of treating stomach cancer.

People often feel overwhelmed, scared, anxious and upset after a diagnosis of cancer. These are all normal feelings.

Having practical and emotional support during and after diagnosis and treatment for cancer is very important. Support may be available from family and friends, health professionals or special support services.

In addition, State and Territory Cancer Councils provide general information about cancer as well as information on local resources and relevant support groups. The Cancer Council Helpline can be accessed from anywhere in Australia by calling 13 11 20 for the cost of a local call.

More information about finding support can be found on the Cancer Australia website www.canceraustralia.gov.au